The root operation identifies the intent of the procedure. It is identified in the third character of the ICD-10-PCS code. ICD-10-PCS guideline A.11 states that the coder is responsible for selecting the root operation that most closely matches the intent of the procedure.
Since the dinosaurs roamed the earth (OK, since 1983), coding professionals have been tasked with ensuring that bills for Medicare patients included the proper elements of the diagnosis-related group (DRG) system so that the hospital got as much money as possible from Medicare.
Remember, the hierarchy applies to all IV injection and infusion services. Chemotherapy services are primary and should be selected as initial when provided in conjunction with therapeutic, prophylactic, or diagnostic services.
The AHA's Coding Clinic for ICD-10-CM/PCS, Third Quarter 2015, opens with a discussion of the differences between excisional and non-excisional debridement‑diagnoses with a long history of coding and clinical documentation confusion.
This month's column is all about data--the importance of providers reporting accurate and complete data, as well as CMS having complete, accurate, and consistent data to compute future payment rates.
The 2016 CPT® code update may have been relatively small compared to previous years, but the urinary and genital system sections did receive numerous changes to align them with other sections of the code book.
The mosquito-borne illness known as Zika virus still has unanswered questions surrounding the illness its self, but thanks to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, an official ICD-10-CM diagnosis code has been assigned to the virus.
Q: In the past few weeks, we noticed physicians are documenting acute congestive heart failure with preserved ejection fraction instead of diastolic or systolic. They say the heart failure is not diastolic or systolic. What is the best way to approach this issue?
CMS administers the Medicare program and it is currently the single largest payer for healthcare in the United States. Medicare Part A, B, C, and D, all encompass a wide variety of services, all of which providers need to understand to determine which services are covered for patients.
For years, coding professionals have been tasked with ensuring that bills for Medicare patients include the proper elements of the diagnosis-related group (DRG) in order to try to accurately show a patient’s severity, but, as Robert S. Gold, MD , writes, there is much more to coding than DRG maximization.
Allen Frady, RN, BSN, CCS, CCDS , and Gwen S. Regenwether, BSN, RN , combat coders’ and clinical documentation improvement (CDI) specialists’ querying bad habits, and show how to support productivity and revenue flow for the facility.
Accurate coding and billing data is important for both providers and CMS. Jugna Shah, MPH, writes about challenges providers have faced with providing that data to CMS and what the agency can do to ease provider burden.
Q: If a physician orders a consultation for a patient who is experiencing a headache due to hypertension, which ICD-10-CM codes would be assigned? Would hypertension be coded since headache is a common sign and symptom of hypertension, or would both the headache and hypertension be coded?
CMS recently announced a delay in the anticipated system release of outpatient and inpatient quality reporting data due to the relocation of the Health Care Quality Information System Data Center responsible for the Hospital Quality Reporting programs.
CPT codes for drug administration follow a hierarchy that is unique to those procedures. Review the hierarchy in order to understand how to apply codes for any type of scenario.
Specialty groups are often able to move faster on creating guidelines for new procedures and codes than other ruling bodies. But sometimes this guidance can create conflicts between physician and facility coders. Lori-Lynne A. Webb, CPC, CCS-P, CCP, CHDA, COBGC, CDIP, writes about how to avoid these scenarios and come to the best resolution for providers, payers, and patients.
Q: Our facility is developing clinical definitions regarding types of atrial fibrillation (afib) given the specificity changes in ICD-10. Could you provide suggestions for these definitions? Do you think it is appropriate to query for persistent atrial fibrillation for the period of more than seven days and chronic afib sustained for more than 12 months Are you aware of any strategies other institutions are using when querying regarding afib?
Shelley C. Safian, PhD, RHIA, CCS-P, COC, CPC-I, reviews anatomic details related to hernias and how to use operative report details to report the appropriate procedure codes for hernia surgeries.
Root operations are the fundamental building block of ICD-10-PCS codes, but providers may not use the same terminology coders are familiar with. Review these root operations that involve taking out all or some of a body part.
Beginning April 1, approximately 800 hospitals will be required to participate in CMS’ new joint replacement payment model. Shannon Newell, RHIA, CCS, outlines the requirements and what providers need to do in order to prepare.
CMS is reporting that the Quality Improvement and Evaluation System (QIES) will be down for five days in March due to extended systems maintenance. The QIES will be unavailable starting at 8 p.m. Eastern on March 16, and returning March 21 at 11:59 p.m., according to CMS.
Q: Our radiation oncology department is having some angst about some updated guidance provided by CMS regarding reporting of planning services. These services are provided prior to the actual intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) service in order to know how to deliver the IMRT. We are not sure if we have been reporting this correctly.
The AMA introduced new CPT codes for 2016 to report intracranial therapeutic interventions. Stacie L. Buck, RHIA, CCS-P, CIRCC, RCC, reviews the changes and provides examples on how to use them in a variety of procedures.
Post-traumatic stress disorder isn’t only reported for military personnel. Shelley C. Safian, PhD, RHIA, CCS-P, COC, CPC-I, AHIMA-approved ICD-10-CM/PCS trainer, writes about when PTSD may be reported and which diagnosis and procedures codes should be included.
Shannon E. McCall, RHIA, CCS, CCS-P, CPC, CPC-I, CEMC, CCDS, and Peggy Blue, MPH, CPC, CEMC, CCS-P, explain when to report the new codes introduced in the 2016 CPT Manual for genitourinary procedures.
As the healthcare industry acclimates to using ICD-10, coders can rest assured it will still be several years until ICD-11 becomes a reality. Originally pegged for a 2015 release to the World Health Assembly, the World Health Organization (WHO) has quietly pushed ICD-11’s debut to 2018.
The new ICD-10 system and its inherent errors, especially in ICD-10-PCS, has provided fertile ground for honest errors. But for this article, I'm going to talk about the other side of the coin, where new codes or descriptions of codes come out, often with inadequate definitions or directions, and people make up reasons to try to rook the system and bilk Medicare?that is, until enough caregivers get caught or advice comes out to squelch the "experts" who want to help you get denials by the hundreds or get hassled by Recovery Auditors.
Per CPT, modifier -52 is used when a service or procedure is partially reduced or eliminated at the provider's discretion. Such a situation is identified by using the service's usual HCPCS/CPT code and adding modifier -52, signifying that the service is reduced.
Some interesting tidbits of information can be gleaned from the most recent release of the AHA Coding Clinic for ICD-10-CM/PCS to help coders as they work in the new code set.
Approximately 800 hospitals across the country that perform inpatient total hip and knee joint replacements will be required to participate in the latest value-based payment initiative launched by CMS, the Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement (CJR) model, which becomes effective April 1.
Perhaps recognizing the massive undertaking for coding and HIM departments in 2015 with the implementation of ICD-10, the latest CPT® update includes a relatively small 367 changes for 2016.
To charge or not to charge--that is the question. Determining whether a hospital can charge for certain services and procedures provided at a patient's bedside is a task often fraught with confusion and uncertainty.
Even before ICD-10, unclear definitions for certain diagnoses and procedures led to confusion for coders trying to interpret physician documentation. Robert S. Gold, MD, writes about conditions in the new code set that could lead to potential risks for providers.
Denials are on the rise for certain diagnoses, procedures, and regulations. Sarah C. Mendiola, Esq., LPN, CPC, outlines steps providers can take to reduce denials by focusing on certain documentation details.
Q: I was reviewing a case with one of our clinical documentation improvement (CDI) specialists this morning. The following clinical indicators documented in the chart are elevated cardiac enzymes, shock, and demand ischemia. Cardiology documented “elevated cardiac enzymes in setting of shock representing a Type 2 injury.” Also documented in another note is “demand ischemia.” Should the CDI specialist query for more information?
A decrease in staff productivity has been the top challenge for providers after ICD-10 was implemented, but relatively few organizations have seen a significant decrease, according to a recent survey from Navicure.
Laurie L. Prescott, RN, MSN, CCDS, CDIP, looks at the definitions for primary, principal, and secondary diagnoses and how to determine them from provider documentation.
Hospital coders can choose multiple modifiers to apply to a procedure code if the service was discontinued. Susan E. Garrison, CHCA, CHCAS, CCS-P, CHC, PCS, FCS, CPAR, CPC, CPC-H, provides an overview of these codes and in which instances to use them.
The government recently approved changes for physician payment systems. Is your clinical documentation improvement (CDI) team ready to tackle these challenges? More importantly, are your physicians ready?
CMS audits for meaningful use could mean collecting information across the coding and HIM departments. David Holtzman, JD, CIPP, and Darice Grzybowski, MA, RHIA, FAHIMA, review what auditors could request and how to prepare your facility.
Q: Our radiology department is requesting that we add a new modifier to their charge description master (CDM), modifier –CT (computed tomography [CT] services furnished using equipment that does not meet each of the attributes of the National Electrical Manufacturers Association [NEMA] XR-29-2013 standard). They want this added to the CT scan line items, but they are not sure if it is for all of the items or only certain ones. Can you provide more information that might help us know how to proceed?
The improper payment rate for oxygen equipment and supplies to the Medicare program was 62.1% with projected improper payments of approximately $952 million during the 2014 reporting period, according to a Comprehensive Error Rate Testing (CERT) program study detailed in the January 2016 issue of the Medicare Quarterly Compliance Newsletter.
If two ICD-10-CM diagnoses are not related to each other, but exist at the same time, they may be reported together despite an Excludes1 note, according to a recent release from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The coding advice has been approved by the four Cooperating Parties—the American Health Information Management Association, the American Hospital Association, CMS, and the National Center for Health Statistics.
Q: CMS released guidance last summer about not auditing or counting errors for the specificity of an ICD-10-CM code. CMS is not going to count the code as an error as long as the first three digits are correct. Does this apply to medical necessity diagnoses and edits?
Joel Moorhead, MD, PhD, CPC, writes about details for spinal conditions for coders to consider when choosing the most accurate ICD-10 codes for diagnoses and procedures.
Gwen S. Regenwether, BSN, RN, and Cheree A. Lueck, BSN, RN, look at how to use audit and query rate information to improve documentation at a facility and how to encourage continuing education and collaboration going forward.
Gwen S. Regenwether, BSN, RN, and Cheree A. Lueck, BSN, RN, discuss how the clinical documentation improvement department at their facility operates and their process for conducting a baseline audit and determining query rates across specialties.
Q: What can we report for the physician if circumcision is done during delivery? Do we bill that on a separate claim for the infant? Is this a covered procedure?
Jennifer Avery, CCS, COC, CPC, CPC-I, writes about how the increased specificity in ICD-10-CM changes pregnancy coding and how to use gestational weeks in physician documentation to report trimesters.
Modifier -52 is used to report procedures that are partially reduced or eliminated at the provider’s discretion. Susan E. Garrison, CHCA, CHCAS, CCS-P, CHC, PCS, FCS, CPAR, CPC, CPC-H, looks at how the modifier should be applied in hospitals and tips for compliance.
While providers are still awaiting further guidance on the four modifiers CMS introduced as subsets of modifier -59 (distinct procedural service), the latest NCCI Manual does include clarification for certain scenarios involving the modifier.
Perhaps recognizing the massive undertaking for coding and HIM departments in 2015 with the implementation of ICD-10, the latest CPT® update includes a relatively small 367 changes for 2016. Shannon E. McCall, RHIA, CCS, CCS-P, CPC, CPC-I, CEMC, CCDS, and Peggy Blue, MPH, CPC, CEMC, CCS-P, review updates to the digestive system and E/M codes.
Sometimes you see documentation in the medical record entered by one physician and then by nobody else. Sometimes you see documentation entered by one physician and copy/pasted by everyone else.
I first attended a lecture on the "upcoming" ICD-10 changes that were expected in 1991 (when the rest of the world started transitioning). On October 1, 2015, a mere 24 years and countless lectures later, the U.S. finally adopted ICD-10 (via ICD-10-CM and PCS, which are both unique to the U.S. at this time).
Jugna Shah, MPH, and Valerie A. Rinkle, MPA, review new comprehensive APCs (C-APC) CMS added in the 2016 OPPS final rule as well as the negative payment update due to a CMS overestimation in 2014.
Providers will only have to report one data collection modifier related to a C-APC in 2016. Jugna Shah, MPH, and Valerie A. Rinkle MPA, examine the requirements behind the modifier and how APCs will also be restructured next year.
Before the new year begins, Lori-Lynne A. Webb, CPC, CCS-P, CCP, CHDA, CDIP, COBGC, recommends taking a look at post-implementation risks CMS and third-party payers have identified. She also offers solutions on auditing and reviewing these risks. Note: To access this free article, make sure you first register here if you do not have a paid subscription. Once you have set up your free registration, you can log in and access this article by clicking here.
Outpatient coding and billing errors lead to more than half of all automated denials by Recovery Auditors, according to the latest RACTrac survey from the American Hospital Association.
A recent court ruling determined that CMS had to explain its calculation for a negative 0.2% reduction in inpatient payment rates as a result of implementing the 2-midnight rule. The court also said that providers should have an opportunity to comment on the calculation.
Shannon E. McCall, RHIA, CCS, CCS-P, CPC, CPC-I, CEMC, CCDS, reviews updates in Coding Clinic about coding orthopedic procedures in ICD-10-PCS, coma data in ICD-10-CM, and both cardiovascular procedures and diagnoses.
Marianne Durling, MHA, RHIA, CDIP, CCS, CPC, CIC, an HIM director for a health system in North Carolina, provides her wish list for her department and coders, including thoughts on implementing a CDI program, working with payers, and hiring staff.
Shelley C. Safian, PhD, RHIA, CCS-P, COC, CPC-I, AHIMA-approved ICD-10-CM/PCS trainer, writes about how to report biopsies in ICD-10-PCS since the code set does not include the term among available root operations.
Nearly half a million patients receive dialysis services each year. Shelley C. Safian, PhD, RHIA, CCS-P, COC, CPC-I, writes about the ICD-10-CM and CPT® codes providers will need to know in order to report these services accurately.
In addition to updating procedures for 2-midnight rule reviews, the 2016 OPPS final rule includes new guidance on coding and billing issues, including reporting certain CT scan services. Jugna Shah, MPH, examines the changes and what providers need to do before 2016.
CMS recently released an ICD-10-CM resource for specialties and specific conditions and services that collects varied educational tools, including webcasts, case studies, and clinical concept guides.
Q: How many times should Glasgow Coma Scale information be captured? If you have the ambulance, ED physician, and attending physician all recording the score, should each be reported?
CMS is introducing multiple new modifiers that providers may need to report beginning January 1, 2016. Jugna Shah, MPH, reviews the modifiers and the conditions for reporting them.
Q: We recently had attending physicians send back queries with responses by the physician assistant (PA) or nurse practitioner (NP) who documented for them. Is it acceptable for a PA or NP to answer queries after the patient is discharged?
Linda Renee Brown, RN, MA, CCDS, CCS, CDIP, writes about the importance of tracking venous thromboembolism at hospitals and how to ensure physician documentation includes the correct level of detail to capture it.
ICD-10 implementation has gone smoothly for approximately 80% of attendees who responded to a survey during a recent webcast from audit, tax, and advisory firm KPMG.
The holidays can be a stressful time for coding departments, especially this year with the implementation of ICD-10. Raemarie Jimenez, CPC, CPMA, CPC-I, CANPC, CRHC, and Darice Grzybowski, MA, RHIA, FAHIMA, provide methods for HIM managers to keep coders engaged and productive this time of year and beyond.
Robert S. Gold, MD, reviews conditions such as sepsis, hypertension, and syncope and how the switch to ICD-10-CM clarifies reporting codes in some instances, while other issues from ICD-9-CM remain.
Provider-based clinics and departments are increasingly common, but the rules for provider-based billing can often be confusing, especially given recent changes to modifiers and place of service codes.
Providers need to be careful when reporting multiple services with status indicator J1 on the same claim, as NCCI logic could result in no payment for any of the reported comprehensive APC (C-APC) services. Typically, when multiple J1 procedures or services appear on the same claim, the procedure with the highest rank according to CMS is assigned to the C-APC. Certain code combinations of J1 services will also lead to a complexity adjustment to a higher-paying C-APC.
Providers need to be careful when reporting multiple services with status indicator J1 on the same claim, as NCCI logic could result in no payment for any of the reported comprehensive APC (C-APC) services.
The Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP) is a CMS pay-for-performance program that links the amount hospitals are paid to risk-adjusted readmission rates. Measures included in the program are claims based, which simply means that the ICD-10 codes we submit on our claims for payment are also used to assess our performance; our performance then impacts our payment.
Some interesting tidbits of information can be gleaned from the most recent release of the AHA Coding Clinic for ICD-10-CM/PCS to help coders as they work in the new code set.
Coding for spinal arthrodesis procedures has always been a challenge given the complexity of these detailed surgeries. Coding them in ICD-10-PCS adds several elements that must be taken into consideration when looking to apply the proper code or codes.
Q: A patient fractured all metatarsals last year and had open reduction and internal fixation. The patient now has a nonunion of the fracture sites and is going back to the OR for an amputation. What would be the appropriate ICD-10-CM seventh character to report?
CMS and Medicare Administrative Contractors are aware of certain issues regarding National Coverage Determinations and Local Coverage Determinations related to ICD-10 and working to resolve them as soon as possible, according to CMS.
